Many treatment options are available, including arthritis medication, topical treatments, injections, and more.
This article discusses joint pain causes and arthritis treatments that you may want to explore.
Causes of Joint Pain
The word arthritis means joint pain. It’s the name of a large group of diseases, and it’s also sometimes used to describe a symptom, such as when an illness like the flu causes joint pain.
Chronic Joint Pain
Arthritic diseases are chronic, meaning they won’t go away (although they can be well managed). Common forms of arthritis include:
Osteoarthritis (the most common type of arthritis) Rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues) Psoriatic arthritis (an inflammatory form of arthritis) Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammation that affects the spine) Lupus (an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation) Gout (a painful form of arthritis)
Acute Joint Pain
Acute (short-term) causes of joint pain usually go away. However, some injuries and illnesses can lead to chronic pain. These causes include:
Injuries Septic arthritis (joint infection) Virtual arthritis (from illnesses such as hepatitis and HIV) Tendonitis Sprains Strains Overuse
Joint Pain Treatment
If your joint pain is caused by acute injury or illness, treating the underlying cause usually helps manage and eliminate the pain. Even so, if it’s severe enough, you may need to find ways to manage it until you feel better.
For joint pain from chronic conditions, your treatment will likely be ongoing for the rest of your life. Some people find relief from a single treatment, but it’s more common to use several types.
Medications
Multiple classes of medications are used to treat joint pain. These types of drugs include anti-inflammatories, opioids, and more.
Anti-Inflammatories
To treat basic inflammation from any source, anti-inflammatory drugs are a mainstay.
Corticosteroids (also called steroids) are powerful anti-inflammatories. However, they also have a high rate of side effects and complications, so they’re preferred for short-term use only. Oral (by mouth) steroids are by prescription only. Examples include:
Cortisone Dexamethasone Methylprednisone Prednisone
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) come in over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription varieties. OTC NSAIDs are: Advil/Motrin (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen), and Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
Some NSAIDs only available by prescription are:
Celebrex (celecoxib) Voltaren (diclofenac) Mobic (meloxicam) Relafen (nabumetone)
Due to possible side effects and complications, you shouldn’t stay on NSAIDs longer than you need to.
Opioids
Opioids (also called opiates or narcotics) are powerful but problematic painkillers. Their potential for addiction has put them at the center of a nationwide epidemic of overuse and overdose. That’s led to limited access for the people who need them for pain management.
Opioids change the way your brain processes pain signals to make you care less about the pain. Common ones include:
Codeine Fentanyl Morphine OxyContin/Percocet (oxycodone) Opana (oxymorphone) Vicodin (hydrocodone/acetaminophen)
Arthritis Medications
A few classes of prescription arthritis drugs provide relief to millions of people with chronic joint pain. These include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), and biologics, like Enbrel (etanercept) and Humira (adalimumab).
Topical Agents
Topical treatments are ones you use on your skin. They come in creams, gels, patches, and other forms. Several topical agents can be very effective for joint pain. Common active ingredients include:
Capsaicin CBD (cannabidiol, derived from hemp) Corticosteroids Lidocaine Menthol NSAIDs Salicylates
Topical medications can cause side effects, just like their oral counterparts. So be sure to handle them carefully and follow the manufacturer’s directions.
Injections
Several types of injections are available for joint pain. These need to be given by a healthcare provider in a medical setting.
Injections are a good way to get pain relief inside the joint, where needed. Examples include:
Aspiration (needle withdraws excess fluid to ease pressure) Corticosteroids (for inflammation) Hyaluronic acid (a natural joint lubricant) Platelet-rich plasma (anti-inflammatory and immune-system calming effects) Prolotherapy (a series of injections that stimulate the healing of damaged tissues)
Sometimes lidocaine (a topical anesthetic) is injected to help with pain management. It’s less common, though, because it doesn’t address the inflammation or other underlying causes of joint pain.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy aims to relieve joint pain and get your body moving better through strength and flexibility. This may involve:
Improved postureIncreased strength and flexibilityModifying the way you use a jointUsing braces, splints, and other joint-supporting productsLearning to use assistive devices (walkers, canes)Changes to your environment, such as ergonomic products
Your physical therapist may also do several things to help relieve your pain, including:
Heat and/or cold therapy Massage Ultrasound Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
At-Home Treatments
You can do several things at home to help alleviate your joint pain. Home remedies include:
Resting Choosing appropriate activity levels Stretching Heat therapy (warm baths or showers, heating pads) Cold therapy (ice packs) Getting enough sleep Eating a healthy diet Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight
When to See a Healthcare Provider
You should see a healthcare provider for your joint pain if:
It’s not gone after several daysYou also have severe, unexplained pain and swelling, especially with other unexplained symptomsYou also have a fever but no flu symptomsYou’ve lost 10 or more pounds without trying
If your healthcare provider suspects arthritis, they may order tests or refer you to a rheumatologist.
Summary
Joint pain from arthritis can be chronic or acute, depending on the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause. Joint pain treatments generally involve anti-inflammatories and arthritis medications, topical treatments, injections, physical therapy, and home care.
A Word From Verywell
Joint pain, especially when chronic, can have a significant impact on your quality of life. It’s not something you have to live with, though. With proper treatment, you can get your symptoms under control and enjoy your life. The first step is seeing your healthcare provider.
